Building Permit vs Prior Declaration in France: Which Authorization for Your Renovation? (2026)

French renovation projects require either a déclaration préalable (DP, prior declaration) or a permis de construire (PC, building permit), depending on size and impact. The DP covers small works modifying the exterior or creating up to 20 m² (40 m² in PLU urban zones). The PC is mandatory beyond, plus for any new construction, change of use with structural modification, or major renovation altering the facade in protected zones.

Wrong authorization or none at all exposes you to fines up to 6 000 €/m², forced restoration at owner's expense, and voided 10-year warranty insurance. The instruction time is 1 month for a DP, 2-3 months for a PC, plus 1 month if ABF approval is required (protected zones).

For a Paris apartment renovation, indoor-only works (kitchen, non-load-bearing walls, flooring) need no urbanism authorization — but the syndicate's approval is required for anything affecting common parts. Above 150 m² total surface, an architect is mandatory by law.